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Bhagavadgītā: Chapter XVI (Daivāsurasampadvibhāgayoga)
The Yoga of the division between divine and demoniacal destiny
Introduction
Now Lord Kṛṣṇa teaches Arjuna about the division between the divine destiny and the demoniacal...
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me. In addition, note that I will use quotation marks to delimit text only when the person speaking is not Sañjaya himself (the narrator). Therefore, the words spoken by Sañjaya will not be delimited by quotation marks.
Chapter 16: Daivāsurasampadvibhāgayoga (The Yoga of the división between divine and demoniacal destiny)
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिर्ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः।
दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम्॥१॥
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम्।
दया भूतेष्वलोलुप्त्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम्॥२॥
तेजः क्षमा धृतिः शौचमद्रोहो नातिमानिता।
भवन्ति सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातस्य भारत॥३॥
Śrībhagavānuvāca
Abhayaṁ sattvasaṁśuddhirjñānayogavyavasthitiḥ|
Dānaṁ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam||1||
Ahiṁsā satyamakrodhastyāgaḥ śāntirapaiśunam|
Dayā bhūteṣvaloluptvaṁ mārdavaṁ hrīracāpalam||2||
Tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucamadroho nātimānitā|
Bhavanti sampadaṁ daivīmabhijātasya bhārata||3||
The venerable Lord (śrī-bhagavān) said (uvāca):
"Absence of fear (abhayam), sattvic purity --or also «purity of nature or disposition»-- (sattva-saṁśuddhiḥ), permanence in the Yoga of Knowledge (jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ), charity (dānam), self-control (damaḥ), as well as (ca... ca) sacrifice (yajñaḥ), study of the scriptures --lit. «study of the self»-- (svādhyāyaḥ), austerity (tapas), rectitude (ārjavam), non-violence --lit. «harmlessness»-- (ahiṁsā), truthfulness (satyam), absence of anger (akrodhaḥ), renunciation (tyāgaḥ), peace/tranquility (śāntiḥ), freedom from detraction --i.e., not being a defamer-- (apaiśunam), compassion (dayā) toward beings (bhūteṣu), freedom from any desire --especially from greed-- (aloluptvam), softness/gentleness (mārdavam), modesty (hrīḥ), firmness/constancy (acāpalam), valor --this term has, nevertheless, many other possible meanings here-- (tejas), indulgence (kṣamā), fortitude (dhṛtiḥ), cleanliness (śaucam), absence of malice (adrohaḥ), (y) absence of haughtiness --lit. «without excessive pride»-- (nātimānitā), O descendant of Bharata (bhārata)!, they are (bhavanti) of one who is born (abhijātasya) for the divine destiny (sampadam daivīm)"||1-3||
दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च।
अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदमासुरीम्॥४॥
Dambho darpo'bhimānaśca krodhaḥ pāruṣyameva ca|
Ajñānaṁ cābhijātasya pārtha sampadamāsurīm||4||
"Hypocrisy/ostentation (dambhaḥ), arrogance (darpaḥ), and (ca) conceit (abhimānaḥ), anger (krodhaḥ), as well as (ca) harshness (pāruṣyam eva), and (ca) ignorance (ajñāna), O son of Pṛthā (pārtha)!, (they are) of one who is born (abhijātasya) for the demoniacal destiny (sampadam āsurīm)"||4||
दैवी सम्पद्विमोक्षाय निबन्धायासुरी मता।
मा शुचः सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातोऽसि पाण्डव॥५॥
Daivī sampadvimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā|
Mā śucaḥ sampadaṁ daivīmabhijāto'si pāṇḍava||5||
"The divine (daivī) destiny (sampad) is for Liberation (vimokṣāya), (while) the demoniacal (āsurī) is considered (matā) to lead to bondage (nibandhāya). Do not grieve (mā śucaḥ), O son of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍava)! You have been born (abhijātaḥ asi) for the divine destiny (sampadam daivīm)"||5||
द्वौ भूतसर्गौ लोकेऽस्मिन्दैव आसुर एव च।
दैवो विस्तरशः प्रोक्त आसुरं पार्थ मे शृणु॥६॥
Dvau bhūtasargau loke'smindaiva āsura eva ca|
Daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṁ pārtha me śṛṇu||6||
"In this world (loke asmin) (there are) two creations of beings (dvau bhūta-sargau): Divine (daivaḥ) and (ca) demoniacal (āsuraḥ eva). The divine (creation) (daivaḥ) has been spoken of (proktaḥ) extensively (vistaraśas). O son of Pṛthā (pārtha), hear (śṛṇu) from Me (me) about the demoniacal (creation) (āsuram)!"||6||
प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च जना न विदुरासुराः।
न शौचं नापि चाचारो न सत्यं तेषु विद्यते॥७॥
Pravṛttiṁ ca nivṛttiṁ ca janā na vidurāsurāḥ|
Na śaucaṁ nāpi cācāro na satyaṁ teṣu vidyate||7||
"The demoniacal (āsurāḥ) people (janāḥ) do not know --lit. «they did not know»-- (na viduḥ) the active involvement in the activities of the world (pravṛttim) nor (ca... ca) the withdrawal from such activities (nivṛttim). Neither (na... na api ca... na) is there (vidyate) in them (teṣu) cleanliness (śaucam), good conduct (ācāraḥ), (and) truthfulness (satyam)"||7||
असत्यमप्रतिष्ठं ते जगदाहुरनीश्वरम्।
अपरस्परसम्भूतं किमन्यत्कामहैतुकम्॥८॥
Asatyamapratiṣṭhaṁ te jagadāhuranīśvaram|
Aparasparasambhūtaṁ kimanyatkāmahaitukam||8||
"They (te) say --lit. «they said»-- (āhuḥ) that the world (jagat) (is) unreal (asatyam), without a solid foundation (apratiṣṭham), without a Lord (anīśvaram), not produced in regular order --through the law of cause and effect-- (a-paraspara-sambhūtam), caused by mere (carnal) desire (kāma-haitukam). What else (kim anyat)?"||8||
एतां दृष्टिमवष्टभ्य नष्टात्मानोऽल्पबुद्धयः।
प्रभवन्त्युग्रकर्माणः क्षयाय जगतोऽहिताः॥९॥
Etāṁ dṛṣṭimavaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno'lpabuddhayaḥ|
Prabhavantyugrakarmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato'hitāḥ||9||
"Relying on/resorting to (avaṣṭabhya) this point of view (etām dṛṣṭim), (such) lost souls (naṣṭa-ātmānaḥ) of small intelligence (alpa-buddhayaḥ) (and) of cruel action (ugra-karmāṇaḥ) arise (prabhavanti) as enemies (ahitāḥ) for the destruction (kṣayāya) of the world (jagataḥ) --another possible, but redundant, translation would be: «as the enemies of the world for the destruction of the world»--"||9||
काममाश्रित्य दुष्पूरं दम्भमानमदान्विताः।
मोहाद्गृहीत्वासद्ग्राहान्प्रवर्तन्तेऽशुचिव्रताः॥१०॥
Kāmamāśritya duṣpūraṁ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ|
Mohādgṛhītvāsadgrāhānpravartante'śucivratāḥ||10||
"Having resorted to (āśritya) a (carnal) desire (kāmam) which is difficult to satisfy (duṣpūram), endowed with hypocrisy, conceit and lust/arrogance (dambha-māna-mada-anvitāḥ), after assuming (gṛhītvā) false conceptions/notions (asat-grāhān) due to delusion --due to Māyā-- (mohāt), those who possess impure vows/resolutions (aśuci-vratāḥ) act (pravartante)"||10||
चिन्तामपरिमेयां च प्रलयान्तामुपाश्रिताः।
कामोपभोगपरमा एतावदिति निश्चिताः॥११॥
आशापाशशतैर्बद्धाः कामक्रोधपरायणाः।
ईहन्ते कामभोगार्थमन्यायेनार्थसञ्चयान्॥१२॥
Cintāmaparimeyāṁ ca pralayāntāmupāśritāḥ|
Kāmopabhogaparamā etāvaditi niścitāḥ||11||
Āśāpāśaśatairbaddhāḥ kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ|
Īhante kāmabhogārthamanyāyenārthasañcayān||12||
"Reposing (upāśritāḥ) in innumerable thoughts --lit. «in an immeasurable thought»-- (cintām aparimeyām ca) which end in dissolution --i.e., in death-- (pralaya-antām), having the enjoyment of desires --especially carnal-- as the highest goal (kāma-upabhoga-paramāḥ), convinced that (iti niścitāḥ) this is all there is (etāvat), bound (baddhāḥ) by hundreds of bonds of desire (āśā-pāśa-śataiḥ), given over to lust and wrath (kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ), they strive to obtain (īhante) heaps of wealth (artha-sañcayān) improperly (anyāyena) (only) for the gratification of desires (kāma-bhoga-artham)"||11-12||
इदमद्य मया लब्धमिमं प्राप्स्ये मनोरथम्।
इदमस्तीदमपि मे भविष्यति पुनर्धनम्॥१३॥
Idamadya mayā labdhamimaṁ prāpsye manoratham|
Idamastīdamapi me bhaviṣyati punardhanam||13||
"Today (adya) I got (mayā labdham) this (idam); I will get (prāpsye) this (imam) desired object (manoratham) (in the future); this (idam) money (dhanam) is (asti) mine (me); moreover (punar), this (idam) (other) money (dhanam) will also be (api... bhaviṣyati) mine (me)"||13||
असौ मया हतः शत्रुर्हनिष्ये चापरानपि।
ईश्वरोऽहमहं भोगी सिद्धोऽहं बलवान्सुखी॥१४॥
Asau mayā hataḥ śatrurhaniṣye cāparānapi|
Īśvaro'hamahaṁ bhogī siddho'haṁ balavānsukhī||14||
"I killed (mayā hataḥ) this (asau) enemy (śatruḥ), and (ca) I will kill (haniṣye) others (aparān) as well (api); I (aham) (am) the lord (īśvaraḥ), I (aham) (am) the enjoyer (bhogī); I (aham) (am) successful (siddhaḥ), strong (balavān), (and) happy (sukhī)"||14||
आढ्योऽभिजनवानस्मि कोऽन्योऽस्ति सदृशो मया।
यक्ष्ये दास्यामि मोदिष्य इत्यज्ञानविमोहिताः॥१५॥
Āḍhyo'bhijanavānasmi ko'nyo'sti sadṛśo mayā|
Yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ityajñānavimohitāḥ||15||
"Those who are completely deluded by ignorance (ajñāna-vimohitāḥ) (speak thus:) 'I am (asmi) wealthy (āḍhyaḥ) (and) of noble birth (abhijanavān); who else (kaḥ anyaḥ) is (asti) equal (sadṛśaḥ) to me (mayā)? I will perform sacrifices (yakṣye), I will give (dāsyāmi), I will rejoice (modiṣye iti)'"||15||
अनेकचित्तविभ्रान्ता मोहजालसमावृताः।
प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु पतन्ति नरकेऽशुचौ॥१६॥
Anekacittavibhrāntā mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ|
Prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu patanti narake'śucau||16||
"Perplexed by the many thoughts (aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ), enveloped by the net of delusion --of Māyā-- (moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ), excessively attached to/addicted to (prasaktāḥ) the gratification of desires (kāma-bhogeṣu), they fall (patanti) into a foul hell (narake aśucau)"||16||
आत्मसम्भाविताः स्तब्धा धनमानमदान्विताः।
यजन्ते नामयज्ञैस्ते दम्भेनाविधिपूर्वकम्॥१७॥
Ātmasambhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhanamānamadānvitāḥ|
Yajante nāmayajñaiste dambhenāvidhipūrvakam||17||
"Conceited (ātma-sambhāvitāḥ), obstinate (stabdhāḥ), endowed with pride and arrogance due to wealth (dhana-māna-mada-anvitāḥ), they (te) worship (yajante) through sacrifices (that are only sacrifices) in name (nāma-yajñaiḥ), with hypocrisy and ostentation (dambhena), (and) without following the rules (a-vidhi-pūrvakam)"||17||
अहङ्कारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं च संश्रिताः।
मामात्मपरदेहेषु प्रद्विषन्तोऽभ्यसूयकाः॥१८॥
Ahaṅkāraṁ balaṁ darpaṁ kāmaṁ krodhaṁ ca saṁśritāḥ|
Māmātmaparadeheṣu pradviṣanto'bhyasūyakāḥ||18||
"Addicted (saṁśritāḥ) to ego (ahaṅkāram), force (balan), arrogance (darpam), lust (kāmam), and (ca) wrath (krodham), (such) envious/jealous/detractors (abhyasūyakāḥ) show hatred (pradviṣantaḥ) toward Me (mām) in their own bodies and those of others (ātma-para-deheṣu)"||18||
तानहं द्विषतः क्रूरान्संसारेषु नराधमान्।
क्षिपाम्यजस्रमशुभानासुरीष्वेव योनिषु॥१९॥
Tānahaṁ dviṣataḥ krūrānsaṁsāreṣu narādhamān|
Kṣipāmyajasramaśubhānāsurīṣveva yoniṣu||19||
"I (aham) constantly (ajasram) throw (kṣipāmi) those (tān) cruel (krūrān) (and) repugnant (aśubhān) haters (dviṣataḥ), who are the vilest of men (nara-adhamān), into demonic wombs/uteruses (āsurīṣu eva yoniṣu) during the transmigratory cycles (saṁsāreṣu)"||19||
आसुरीं योनिमापन्ना मूढा जन्मनिजन्मनि।
मामप्राप्यैव कौन्तेय ततो यान्त्यधमां गतिम्॥२०॥
Āsurīṁ yonimāpannā mūḍhā janmanijanmani|
Māmaprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yāntyadhamāṁ gatim||20||
"Not attaining Me (mām aprāpya eva) birth after birth (janmani janmani), the deluded (mūḍhāḥ) who have fallen (āpannāḥ) into a demonic womb/uterus (āsurīm yonim) go (yānti), therefore (tatas), O son of Kuntī (kaunteya)!, to the lowest state (adhamām gatim)"||20||
त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः।
कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत्॥२१॥
Trividhaṁ narakasyedaṁ dvāraṁ nāśanamātmanaḥ|
Kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobhastasmādetattrayaṁ tyajet||21||
"This (idam) door (dvāram) to hell (narakasya) (leading) to one's own destruction (nāśanam ātmanaḥ) is threefold (trividham): Lust (kāmaḥ), wrath (krodhaḥ) and (tathā) greed (lobhaḥ). Therefore (tasmāt), one should abandon (tyajet) this triad (etad trayam)"||21||
एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः।
आचरत्यात्मनः श्रेयस्ततो याति परां गतिम्॥२२॥
Etairvimuktaḥ kaunteya tamodvāraistribhirnaraḥ|
Ācaratyātmanaḥ śreyastato yāti parāṁ gatim||22||
"The man (naraḥ) who is completely free (vimuktaḥ) from these three doors to darkness (etaiḥ... tamas-dvāraiḥ tribhiḥ), O son of Kuntī (kaunteya)!, performs (ācarati) what is better (śreyas) for himself --for the Self-- (ātmanaḥ), (and) after that (tatas) he goes (yāti) to the Supreme State (parām gatim)"||22||
यः शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य वर्तते कामकारतः।
न स सिद्धिमवाप्नोति न सुखं न परां गतिम्॥२३॥
Yaḥ śāstravidhimutsṛjya vartate kāmakārataḥ|
Na sa siddhimavāpnoti na sukhaṁ na parāṁ gatim||23||
"He who (yaḥ... saḥ), after abandoning (utsṛjya) the precepts of the scriptures (śāstra-vidhim), acts (vartate) according to his own desires (kāma-kārataḥ), does not obtain (na... avāpnoti) perfection (siddhim) nor (na) happiness (sukham) nor (na) the Supreme State (parām gatim)"||23||
तस्माच्छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते कार्याकार्यव्यवस्थितौ।
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्रविधानोक्तं कर्म कर्तुमिहार्हसि॥२४॥
Tasmācchāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ te kāryākāryavyavasthitau|
Jñātvā śāstravidhānoktaṁ karma kartumihārhasi||24||
"Therefore (tasmāt), the scripture (śāstram) (is) your (te) authority (pramāṇam) with regard to determining what is to be done and what is not to be done (kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau). Knowing (jñātvā) what the precepts of the scriptures declare (śāstra-vidhāna-uktam), please, do (kartum... arhasi) (your) action (karma) here --in this world-- (iha)"||24||
Further information
Ezt a dokumentumot Gabriel Pradīpaka, a website egyik társalapítója készítette, aki spirituális guru és aki a Szanszkrit nyelv és a Trika filozófiai rendszerben jártas.
Szanszkrit, Yoga és indiai filozófiával kapcsolatosan, vagy ha csupán hozzászólni, kérdezni szeretnél, esetleg hibára felhívni a figyelmet, bátran lépj kapcsolatba velünk: Ez az e-mail címünk.
| Vissza XV. Puruṣottamayoga |  |
Folytatás XVII. Śraddhātrayavibhāgayoga |