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Bhagavadgītā (Bhagavad Gita): Chapter XII (Bhaktiyoga)
The Yoga of devotion
Introduction
Now Lord Kṛṣṇa will talk with Arjuna about devotion.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me. In addition, note that I will use quotation marks to delimit text only when the person speaking is not Sañjaya himself (the narrator). Therefore, the words spoken by Sañjaya will not be delimited by quotation marks.
Chapter 11: Bhaktiyoga (The Yoga of devotion)
अर्जुन उवाच
एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते।
ये चाप्यक्षरमव्यक्तं तेषां के योगवित्तमाः॥१॥
Arjuna uvāca
Evaṁ satatayuktā ye bhaktāstvāṁ paryupāsate|
Ye cāpyakṣaramavyaktaṁ teṣāṁ ke yogavittamāḥ||1||
Arjuna (arjunaḥ) said (uvāca):
"(There are two kinds of devotees:) The devotees (bhaktāḥ) who (ye), constantly dedicated (satata-yuktāḥ) in this way (evam), worship You (tvām paryupāsate); and (ca) also (api) (the devotees) who (ye) worship the Imperishable (akṣaram) and the Unmanifest (avyaktam). Among them (teṣām), who (ke) know Yoga most fully (yoga-vittamāḥ)?"||1||
श्रीभगवानुवाच
मय्यावेश्य मनो ये मां नित्ययुक्ता उपासते।
श्रद्धया परयोपेताः ते मे युक्ततमा मताः॥२॥
Śrībhagavānuvāca
Mayyāveśya mano ye māṁ nityayuktā upāsate|
Śraddhayā parayopetāḥ te me yuktatamā matāḥ||2||
The venerable Lord (śrī-bhagavān) said (uvāca):
"Those (ye) who, fixing the mind (āveśya manas) on Me (mayi), being always concentrated (nitya-yuktā) (and) endowed (upetāḥ) with supreme faith (śraddhayā parayā), worship Me (mām... upāsate) — them I consider (te me... matāḥ) the most apt and devoted—«yukta» has other possible meanings, which creates much ambiguity—(yukta-tamāḥ)"||2||
ये त्वक्षरमनिर्देश्यं अव्यक्तं पर्युपासते।
सर्वत्रगमचिन्त्यञ्च कूटस्थं अचलं ध्रुवम्॥३॥
Ye tvakṣaramanirdeśyaṁ avyaktaṁ paryupāsate|
Sarvatragamacintyañca kūṭasthaṁ acalaṁ dhruvam||3||
"But (tu) (then there are) those (ye) who worship (paryupāsate) the Imperishable (akṣaram), the Indefinable (anirdeśyam), the Unmanifest (avyaktam), the Omnipresent (sarvatra-gam), the Inconceivable (acintyam), the Uniform (kūṭastham), the Immobile (acalam), and (ca) the Constant (dhruvam)"||3||
सन्नियम्येन्द्रियग्रामं सर्वत्र समबुद्धयाः।
ते प्राप्नुवन्ति मामेव सर्वभूतहिते रताः॥४॥
Sanniyamyendriyagrāmaṁ sarvatra samabuddhayāḥ|
Te prāpnuvanti māmeva sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ||4||
"They (you), who are of even intellect (sama-buddhayaḥ) everywhere (sarvatra), (and) who delight (ratāḥ) in the welfare of all beings (sarva-bhūta-hite), attain Me (prāpnuvanti mām eva) by restraining (sanniyamya) the group of indriya-s --that is, «the group of powers of perception and action»-- (indriya-grāmam)"||4||
क्लेशोऽधिकतरस्तेषां अव्यक्तासक्तचेतसाम्॥
अव्यक्ता हि गतिर्दुःखं देहवद्भिरवाप्यते॥५॥
Kleśo'dhikatarasteṣāṁ avyaktāsaktacetasām|
Avyaktā hi gatirduḥkhaṁ dehavadbhiravāpyate||5||
"Affliction (kleśaḥ) for those whose minds are attached to the Unmanifest (teṣām avyakta-āsakta-cetasām) is greater (adhikataraḥ), because (hi) the Unmanifest state (avyaktā gatiḥ) is attained (avāpyate) with difficulty (duḥkham) by the embodied (dehavadbhiḥ)"||5||
ये तु सर्वाणि कर्माणि मयि सन्न्यस्य मत्पराः।
अनन्येनैव योगेन मां ध्यायन्त उपासते॥६॥
Ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi sannyasya matparāḥ|
Ananyenaiva yogena māṁ dhyāyanta upāsate||6||
"But (you) (then there are also) those who (ye), laying (sannyasya) all (sarvāṇi) (their) actions (karmāṇi) in Me (mayi), are devoted to Me (mat-parāḥ), meditate (dhyāyantaḥ) on Me (mām), (and) worship (Me) (upāsate) with a one-pointed Yoga --here the word «Yoga» can assume different meanings, such as «union, concentration of thoughts, etc.»; and the resulting meaning is very ambiguous again-- (ananyena eva yogena)"||6||
तेषामहं समुद्धर्ता मृत्युसंसारसागरात्।
भवामि न चिरात्पार्थ मय्यावेशितचेतसाम्॥७॥
Teṣāmahaṁ samuddhartā mṛtyusaṁsārasāgarāt|
Bhavāmi na cirātpārtha mayyāveśitacetasām||7||
"O son of Pṛthā (pārtha)!, for those (teṣām) whose minds are absorbed (āveśita-cetasām) in Me (mayi), I (aham) become (bhavāmi), without any delay (na cirāt), the Liberator (samuddhartā) from the ocean of transmigration and death (mṛtyu-saṁsāra-sāgarāt)"||7||
मय्येव मन आधत्स्व मयि बुद्धिं निवेशय।
निवसिष्यसि मय्येव अत ऊर्ध्वं न संशयः॥८॥
Mayyeva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṁ niveśaya|
Nivasiṣyasi mayyeva ata ūrdhvaṁ na saṁśayaḥ||8||
"Place (ādhatsva) the mind (manas) in Me alone (mayi eva), fix (niveśaya) the intellect (buddhim) in Me (mayi). Because of this (atas), there is no doubt (na saṁśayaḥ) (that) you will dwell (nivasiṣyasi) only in Me (mayi eva) from now on (ūrdhvam)"||8||
अथचित्तं समाधातुं न शक्नोषि मयि स्थिरम्।
अभ्यासयोगेन ततो मामिच्छाप्तुं धनञ्जय॥९॥
Athacittaṁ samādhātuṁ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram|
Abhyāsayogena tato māmicchāptuṁ dhanañjaya||9||
"If (atha) you cannot (na śaknoṣi) fix (samādhātum) the mind (cittam) in Me (mayi) steadily (sthiram), then (tatas) desire (iccha) to attain Me (mām... āptum) through the Yoga of practice --or else, «yogena» may mean «through», and thus the translation would be: «through practice»-- (abhyāsa-yogena), O conqueror of wealth (dhanañjaya)!"||9||
अभ्यासेऽप्यसमर्थोऽसि मत्कर्मपरमो भव।
मदर्थमपि कर्माणि कुर्वन्सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि॥१०॥
Abhyāse'pyasamartho'si matkarmaparamo bhava|
Madarthamapi karmāṇi kurvansiddhimavāpsyasi||10||
"(If) you are not capable (asamarthaḥ asi) even (api) regarding practice (abhyāse), (then) become (bhava) one devoted to actions for Me (mad-karma-paramaḥ). Performing (kurvan) actions (karmāṇi) for My sake (mad-artham api), you will attain (avāpsyasi) Siddhi --«perfection, accomplishment, etc.»-- (siddhim)"||10||
अथैतदप्यशक्तोऽसि कर्तुं मद्योगमाश्रितः।
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान्॥११॥
Athaitadapyaśakto'si kartuṁ madyogamāśritaḥ|
Sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṁ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān||11||
"If (atha) you are (asi) unable (aśaktaḥ) to do (kartum) even (api) this (etad), then (tatas), resorting to My Yoga (mad-yogam āśritaḥ) (and) maintaining self-control (yata-ātmavān), perform (kuru) renunciation with regard to all fruits of actions (sarva-karma-phala-tyāgam)"||11||
श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज्ज्ञानाद्ध्यानं विशिष्यते।
ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम्॥१२॥
Śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsājjñānāddhyānaṁ viśiṣyate|
Dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram||12||
"Knowledge (jñānam) is undoubtedly better (śreyas hi) than practice (abhyāsāt), meditation (dhyānam) is better (viśiṣyate) than knowledge (jñānāt), renunciation of the fruits of actions (karma-phala-tyāgaḥ) (is better) than meditation (dhyānāt). Peace (śāntiḥ) (comes) immediately after (anantaram) renunciation (tyāgāt)"||12||
अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च।
निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी॥१३॥
सन्तुष्टः सततं योगी यतात्मा दृढनिश्चयः।
मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः॥१४॥
Adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṁ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca|
Nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī||13||
Santuṣṭaḥ satataṁ yogī yatātmā dṛḍhaniścayaḥ|
Mayyarpitamanobuddhiryo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ||14||
"The one (yaḥ) who is not an enemy (adveṣṭā) of all beings (sarva-bhūtānām), (who is) friendly (maitraḥ) and (ca) compassionate (karuṇaḥ), without a sense of “mine” (nirmamaḥ), without ego (nirahaṅkāraḥ), equanimous in pleasure and pain (sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ), patient (kṣamī), a yogī (yogī) constantly (satatam) content (santuṣṭaḥ), self-controlled (yata-ātmā), with firm resolve (dṛḍha-niścayaḥ), with mind and intellect fixed (arpita-manas-buddhiḥ) on Me (mayi), such a person --lit. “he”-- (saḥ) (is) My devotee (mad-bhaktaḥ), (and) is dear (priyaḥ) to Me (me)"||13-14||
यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः।
हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः॥१५॥
Yasmānnodvijate loko lokānnodvijate ca yaḥ|
Harṣāmarṣabhayodvegairmukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ||15||
"The one whom (yasmāt) the world (lokaḥ) does not fear (na udvijate) and (ca) who (yaḥ) does not fear (na udvijate) the world (lokāt), who (yaḥ) is free (muktaḥ) from joy, impatience/anger, fear, and agitation/anxiety (harṣa-āmarṣa-bhaya-udvegaiḥ), such a person --lit. «he»-- (saḥ) also (ca) is dear (priyaḥ) to Me (me)"||15||
अनपेक्षः शुचिर्दक्ष उदासीनो गतव्यथः।
सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः॥१६॥
Anapekṣaḥ śucirdakṣa udāsīno gatavyathaḥ|
Sarvārambhaparityāgī yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ||16||
"The one who (yaḥ) (is) independent (anapekṣaḥ), pure/holy (śuciḥ), skillful (dakṣaḥ), indifferent (udāsīnaḥ), free from restlessness/pain (gata-vyathaḥ), who (yaḥ) has completely abandoned all undertakings (sarva-ārambha-parityāgī), such a person --lit. «he»-- (saḥ) (is) My devotee (mad-bhaktaḥ), (and) is dear (priyaḥ) to Me (me)"||16||
यो न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति।
शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान्यः स मे प्रियः॥१७॥
Yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati|
Śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimānyaḥ sa me priyaḥ||17||
"He who (yaḥ) neither (na) rejoices (hṛṣyati) nor (na) hates (dveṣṭi), (who) neither (na) grieves (śocati) nor (na) desires (kāṅkṣati), (who) has totally abandoned good and bad (actions) --or also «he who has totally abandoned the good and the bad»-- (śubha-aśubha-parityāgī), he who (yaḥ) possesses devotion (bhaktimān), such a person --lit. «he»-- (saḥ) is dear (priyaḥ) to Me (me)"||17||
समः शत्रौ च मित्रे च तथा मानापमानयोः।
शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु समः सङ्गविवर्जितः॥१८॥
तुल्यनिन्दास्तुतिर्मौनी सन्तुष्टो येन केनचित्।
अनिकेतः स्थिरमतिर्भक्तिमान्मे प्रियो नरः॥१९॥
Samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ|
Śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅgavivarjitaḥ||18||
Tulyanindāstutirmaunī santuṣṭo yena kenacit|
Aniketaḥ sthiramatirbhaktimānme priyo naraḥ||19||
"(He who is) equanimous (samaḥ) with respect to enemy and friend (śatrau ca mitre ca), and (tathā) (who is also) equanimous (samaḥ) with reference to honor-disgrace (māna-apamānayoḥ), cold-heat, (along with) pleasure-pain (śīta-uṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu), (who) is devoid of attachment (saṅga-vivarjitaḥ), (who) is equanimous in censure and praise (tulya-nindā-stutiḥ), (who) is silent (maunī), (who) is content and satisfied (santuṣṭaḥ) with anything (yena kenacid), (who) has no home (aniketaḥ), whose intelligence is firm (sthira-matiḥ), (and) possesses devotion (bhaktimān), (such a) man (naraḥ) is dear (priyaḥ) to Me (me)"||18-19||
ये तु धर्म्यामृतमिदं यथोक्तं पर्युपासते।
श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा भक्तास्तेऽतीव मे प्रियाः॥२०॥
Ye tu dharmyāmṛtamidaṁ yathoktaṁ paryupāsate|
Śraddadhānā matparamā bhaktāste'tīva me priyāḥ||20||
"But (tu) those who (ye), endowed with faith (śraddadhānāḥ) (and) devoted to Me (mat-paramāḥ), resort to/worship (paryupā) in the aforesaid manner (yathā uktam) this (idam) Nectar of Dharma (dharmya-amṛtam), those (te) devotees (bhaktāḥ) are exceedingly (atīva) dear (priyāḥ) to Me (me)"||20||
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